ELEGOO Electronic Fun Kit Bundle for Arduino

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At some point, you may run out of pins on your Arduino board and need to extend it with shift registers. This example is based on the 74HC595, which the datasheet refers to as an "8-bit serial-in, serial or parallel-out shift register with output latches; 3-state." In other words, you can use it to control 8 outputs at a time while only taking up a few pins on your microcontroller. You can link multiple registers together to extend your output even more.

The 4N35 is an optocoupler for general purpose application. It consists of gallium arsenide infrared LED and a silicon NPN phototransistor. When the input signal is applied to the LED in the input terminal, the LED lights up. After receiving the light signal, the light receiver then converts it into an electrical signal and outputs the signal directly or after amplifying it into a standard digital level.

The small DC motor is likely to use more power than an Arduino digital output can handle directly. If we tried to connect the motor straight to an Arduino pin, there is a good chance that it could damage the Arduino. A small transistor like the PN2222 can be used as a switch that uses just a little current from the Arduino digital output to control the much bigger current of the motor.

An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor that uses an electrolyte to achieve a larger capacitance than other capacitor types. The benefit of large capacitance in electrolytic capacitors comes with several drawbacks as well, such as large leakage currents, value tolerances, equivalent series resistance, and a limited lifetime.

A ceramic capacitor uses a ceramic material as the dielectric. Ceramic capacitors are usually made with very small capacitance values, are very small in size, and have a low maximum rated voltage. They are not polarized, which means that they may be safely connected to an AC source.

A diode is a device that allows current flow in only one direction, from the Anode to the Cathode. The 1N4007 Diode has a maximum current carrying capacity of 1A and can withstand peaks up to 30A, making it suitable for circuits designed for less than 1A. The reverse current is 5uA, which is negligible, and the power dissipation is 3W.

ELEGOO's UNO Project Starter Kits are compatible with Arduino UNO R3 boards and come with tutorials for various projects. The kits include a wide range of components, from the controller board to sensors, motors, and other electronic parts, making them a comprehensive solution for beginners to learn about electronics and programming.

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